Indonesia

The world’s fourth most populous country is also the largest global thermal coal exporter. The once rich oil and gas country is now attempting to reconcile its fossil fuel past with its renewable energy future, while keeping access to energy affordable for consumers. It has the largest fleet of coal-fired power plants in Southeast Asia, with varying age and performance. However, depleting coal-related finances, electricity oversupply in major grids and undersupply in others, taken with its own climate commitments and the unique geographical conditions of this island nation, create formidable challenges for progress.